Is citric acid harmful as an additive? We clarify

Citric acid can be found in many foods. Whether the additive is harmful to your health depends on the amount you consume

Is citric acid harmful?

The citric acid contained in foods and drinks is usually produced artificially in the laboratory using a biotechnological process. Does this make the additive with the number E 330 a health hazard?

• Excessive consumption of foods and drinks containing citric acid, such as juices and soft drinks, can damage teeth and lead to tooth decay. The acid lowers the pH value of the saliva and attacks the tooth enamel. The damaging effect is intensified if the food and drinks also contain sugar and remain in the mouth for a long time. You should therefore rinse your mouth with water after eating and wait at least 30 minutes before brushing your teeth to protect the enamel.

• In addition, frequent consumption of citric acid can lead to gastrointestinal complaints, especially in people with sensitive stomachs or certain stomach diseases. Symptoms can include heartburn, stomach cramps, nausea or diarrhea.

• If you have an intolerance or allergy to citrus fruits, you may also be sensitive to citric acid. In this case, limit your consumption of foods containing citric acid and speak to your doctor if necessary.

• Other products such as cosmetics and cleaning agents may also contain citric acid. In high concentrations, the additive can cause irritation if it comes into direct contact with the skin and eyes. If you use pure citric acid for cleaning, you should wear gloves and safety goggles

• Citric acid is harmless in the usual quantities used in food and other products. However, you should be careful not to consume too many foods and drinks with the additive E 330.

Why the additive is used

Citric acid is used as an additive in food for various reasons. It contributes to a better taste and a longer shelf life.

• Acidifier: Citric acid gives food a sour taste and can regulate the pH value. The additive E 330 is used particularly in the production of acidic foods such as lemonades, jams, jellies and sour sweets.

• Flavor enhancer: Citric acid enhances the taste of other ingredients and helps to bring out the flavors. This improves the taste of foods, such as products that need a certain acidity to taste balanced.

• Preservative: Citric acid extends the shelf life of food by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. By lowering the pH value, it can protect food from spoilage and increase its shelf life.

• Antioxidant: Citric acid can also act as an antioxidant by helping to prevent the oxidation of food. This is important to maintain the quality and freshness of foods, especially those that are sensitive to oxidation, such as certain fruit juices or foods with a high fat content.